Bob Anderson (1 May 2013)
"re: Spencer, Leo, South African Animal shelter, et al"


My offer still stands ... I will email my memorial to my beautiful Precious dog to anyone who asks. I've emailed about ten copies to Doves so far, and I've received thank you's for each one. (One of the reasons I love 5DOVES is that I get to "meet" so many very nice and interesting people. Thank you again, John, for your labors.)

My email is: randerson3@cox.net

Please put "DOG" in subject line.

I finally managed to convert PDF to text and have included the final seventeen pages in this email. I think any animal owner will find this both comforting and interesting.

Maranatha,

Bob

25
Afterthoughts 
How can you be so broken up over a dog? 
How can I love my fellow man if I canʼt love an animal? Our four footed 
furry and two footed feathered friends teach us from our earliest days. 
They teach us to love. They teach us to grieve and mourn, for they pass on 
before us. They teach us to rule with forbearance and to meet the 
responsibility of caring for others, to be a servant. They teach us patience. 
They teach us to teach. They teach us to be kind, to laugh, to be friends. 
English possesses one, pathetic four letter word to represent our entire 
purpose in life. That word is LOVE. 
We LOVE our spouses. We LOVE our children. We LOVE our family. We 
LOVE our country. We LOVE our homes. We LOVE our work. We 
(hopefully) LOVE our God. 
The craftsman LOVES his tools. We LOVE the garment we shopped for. 
We LOVE that painting. We LOVED the movie, show or performance. We 
LOVE our vacation. We LOVE our steak or poached salmon or whatever. 
The hormone-driven teen LOVES his date -- for a season. (Iʼd better leave 
this one alone.) 
And, there is a dark side of LOVE. 
John 3 
19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men 
loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 
20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, 
lest his deeds should be reproved. 
Natural man LOVES his sin! 
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26
Do you see the problem here? What does LOVE mean? In English itʼs an 
oxymoron. It has no meaning unless we hyphenate it with another 
descriptive word. We depend upon context, which is usually fuzzy and 
undependable, to derive meaning. 
I have no pretensions to scholarship. I speak from general knowledge. 
Ancient Greek is a far more precise language than English. It had separate 
words for different types of love. For instance, agape is specifically God 
love. Other words would be used to specify other types of love. I am sure 
that somewhere in that ancient lexicon there was a separate, distinct word 
for creature love, a defining reflection for that specific bonding between 
man and his animals. 
I well know the difference between man and animal. I still mourn and miss 
each family member, friend and even acquaintance Iʼve lost over the years. 
And I still mourn each furry four footed and feathered two footed creature 
Iʼve lost over the years. I miss all of them. 
Iʼm surely not unique in this. All of us do the same. Memories never perish. 
The loss of Precious is merely the most recent loss, and, therefore, it is the 
most intense. She leaves a void in my life that I havenʼt learned to deal with 
yet. 
Why did you say, “I know Iʼll see you again. It wonʼt be long. Iʼll be 
there soon.” 
The facile answer would be that Iʼm 73 and living on borrowed time. 
Another would be that I anticipate Christʼs return for his church at any 
moment. 
Alas, it is more complex than that. 
CAUTION: Provocative theology ahead! This gets a bit lengthy and 
ponderous. Nevertheless, if you have ever lost a beloved pet, I hope it 
will provide some measure of hope and comfort to you. And, I invite 
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27
friends and family to add to this memorial as they see fit and to share 
it with any whom they feel it might benefit. 
Iʼm completely familiar with “conventional” theology on the subject, to wit, 
how could there possibly be animals in heaven? To which my response is, 
how could they NOT be there? Do we not see the Cherubim, clearly 
identified as CREATURES, not angels, in Genesis, Ezekiel and 
Revelation? Do we not see horses in Revelation? 
And, if we really persevere, if we really dig, we will find that animals 
possess body, soul and spirit. I will address this a bit later. 
Iʼve sat through myriad stupid-sermons which address the “stupidity” and 
“soul-lessness” of animals, usually dogs, inevitably focusing on their eating 
habits. 
Are they serious? 
Pot, cocaine, heroin, abused prescription drugs, booze, tobacco, ... all you 
can eat whenever you can eat, 500 pound humans incapable of moving, 
masticating their way to early graves, ... 
Whoʼs stupid? 
These pulpits are dimly reflecting an ancient prejudice, an ancient thought 
that because we are above animals, we are entitled to torture, torment and 
maim them at will. Regrettably the KJV Bible translators reflect this 
prejudice, possibly from fear of royal ire. After all, bear and bull baiting, dog 
fighting, cock fighting and whatever other torments man devised were royal 
entertainment. The Tower of London once housed a zoo where animals 
were kept under appalling conditions, all for the benefit of a jaded nobility to 
torture as they pleased. And, shamefully, these practices endure to this 
very day. 
I am not denigrating the KJV in any way. It remains my Bible of choice. But, 
the translators are the first to admit that it is not a perfect translation. To 
which Iʼd add: Nor will there ever be such a thing. 
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28
GH Pember, a dispensationalist apologist of the 1800ʼs wrote a very short 
book, Animals, Their Past and Future.  It, along with many of his other 
works, is available today from Amazon. 
http://www.amazon.com/s/?ie=UTF8&keywords=g+h 
+pember&tag=googhydr-20&index=stripbooks&hvadid=2866474015&hvpo 
s=1t1&hvexid=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=59999691327123611&hvpone=&hvptw 
o=&hvqmt=b&ref=pd_sl_6xmb7vx1ad_b 
(I might add that the book is partially copied and partially scanned. Page 
numbers are erratic. Therefore, I have not attempted to footnote any 
quotations.) 
He was an early supporter of the Royal English SCPA. 
The following excerpt from Wikipedia summarizes the movement far better 
than I could: 
Animal welfare and animal rights 
Pember also wrote very briefly about a Christian approach to animal 
welfare and animal rights, which was becoming a topic of great social 
concern in Victorian society.[21] What Pember had to say on the subject can 
be understood on a wide historical canvas. In the seventeenth and 
eighteenth centuries human attitudes about the status of animals began to 
change as theologians and philosophers discussed whether animals were 
capable of rational thought, had emotions, had a soul, and questions about 
brutal treatment were also debated.[22] Some theologians began to examine 
passages of the Bible concerned with the afterlife and the prophesied new 
heaven and new earth, and as those discussions developed Nathaniel 
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29
Homes (1654) and Stephen Charnock (1660) argued that animals would be 
included in the resurrection of the dead.[23] In the eighteenth century the 
debate was carried forward by both the Anglican Bishop Joseph Butler in 
his Analogy of Religion and the Anglican priest and hymn writer Augustus 
Montague Toplady, both believed in the resurrection of animals, while 
Toplady regarded brutality towards animals as sin.[24] Other important 
contributors to the debate were Humphry Primatt (1776), Richard Dean 
(1767) and John Wesley as they each addressed the problem of brutality to 
animals in connection with the problem of evil and sin, while both Dean 
and Wesley held to the resurrection of animals.[25] 
Before Pember wrote about animal rights there had already been many 
Christians in England involved in protesting against the maltreatment of 
domestic animals, agitating for legislation against cruelty to animals, and in 
rejecting the practice of the scientific dissection of living animals called 
vivisection.[26] An early but failed attempt to pass a Bill against cruelty to 
animals was initiated by Thomas Erskine (1750–1823). He was a Christian 
who served in the House of Lords and was also Lord Chancellor in 
England. In 1809 Erskine "introduced into the Lords a Bill for the 
prevention of malicious and wanton cruelty to animals".[27] Although 
Erskine's bill was rejected in the House of Commons, a later legislative 
attempt to punish acts of cruelty to animals was successfully passed by 
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30
England's parliament in 1822.[28] The architect of that 1822 legislation was 
the Irish Christian politician Richard Martin. Two years after the passage of 
Martin's anti-cruelty legislation, a meeting was called on June 16, 1824 for 
the formation of an organisation (sic) to oppose animal cruelty. With the 
exception of Lewis Gompertz who was a Jew, everyone else who attended 
the meeting were professing Christians and a new organisation (sic) was 
founded. The principal founding figures were Rev. Arthur Broome, William 
Wilberforce, Richard Martin and Thomas Fowell Buxton, and the 
organisation they created became the Royal Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals in England.[29] Alongside the activities of organisations  
(sic) like the RSPCA, there was a steady stream of books where Christians 
argued for animal welfare and animal rights, (COMMENT: These two links 
are well worth reading!) and most writers linked animal rights to 
theological topics such as whether animals have a soul, that brutality is sin, 
and if they will be included in the general resurrection of the dead.[30] 
So, it is within that context of Christian thought about animals that Pember 
contributed a short book Animals: Their Past and Present.[31] He examines 
the spiritual status of animals in the Bible and explores the duties that 
humans have towards animals. He argues that humans are made in God's 
image and likeness and have been given authority by God to rule over the 
animals (sometimes called dominion). Due to Adam's sin all animals live 
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31
under the curse. Pember argued that on the basis of several biblical 
passages in Isaiah 11:6-9, 2 Peter 3 and the book of Revelation that some 
species of animals will be restored or resurrected to live on the new earth 
foreshadowed in those biblical books. The nature of animals will be 
changed so they will no longer be predators, and they will have the 
capacity for speech. Pember argued that as animals will share in the 
prophesied new earth that in the present life humans must cease being 
apathetic about the plight of animals. Humans have responsibilities and 
duties of care towards animals. Pember's argument about a biblical 
approach to animal rights as seen from the standpoint of end times 
prophecy was by no means unique, as some of his Christian 
contemporaries such as Lutheran authors George N. H. Peters (The 
Theocratic Kingdom) and Joseph A. Seiss also argued similar points.[32] 
Likewise, elements of Pember's arguments against brutality to animals had 
already been anticipated by Christian writers in the previous two hundred 
years[33] 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._H._Pember 
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32
IF YOU READ THE LINKS I SUGGESTED: 
 My Bible specifies throughout that domestic animals are PROPERTY! It 
also states that man has dominion. PETA and similar madnesses are 
nothing new. Animals do not have civil rights. “Animalism”, to coin an 
expression, is but one of the many NWO GREEN initiatives to seize total, 
irrevocable power! 
Also note that Satan has infiltrated and corrupted a noble and just cause, 
Nazi Germany being the most obvious example. (Hitler just LOVED 
animals, pristine environments, vegetables and healthy living.) 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Pemberʼs primary argument in his Animals, Their Past and Future is the 
non-literal translation of the Hebrew nephesh chaiyah in Genesis.The 
literal translation is living soul, and it is so translated in respect to man. In 
respect to animals it is rendered living creature. 
I checked a number of translations available to me. Most go along with 
living creature. But, I did find two that translated literally. The first is the 
Wycliffe Bible. 
“John Wycliffe is credited with producing the first translation of 
the complete Bible into English, although he was probably 
assisted with the translation of the Old Testament. It was 
produced between 1380 and 1384 and was a very literal and 
word for word translation of the 4th Century Latin text that was 
used by the church throughout Europe at that time. 
... 
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33
Even though written by hand, both versions of Wycliffe's Bible 
were copied many times and distributed throughout England. 
They remained in use for a great many years and are probably 
the Bibles referred to by Sir Thomas More in 1528. He had seen 
''Bibles fair and old written in English in laymen's and women's 
hands". Wycliffe's followers, known as the Lollards, 'poor 
preachers', took his Bible far and wide throughout England. This 
was the beginning of the Reformation in England. 
The Pope was so enraged at the success of these heretics that he 
ordered Wycliffe's body disinterred, burnt and the ashes tossed 
into the river. It has been said, ''his ashes flowed into the seas of 
the world, spreading the Gospel to all the world".” 
The Wycliffe reads living soul for the animals. 
Here is a sample: 
Genesis 1:24 
24 And God seide, The erthe brynge forth a lyuynge soul in his kynde, werk 
beestis, and `crepynge beestis, and vnresonable beestis of erthe, bi her 
kyndis; and it was don so. 
See: http://biblehistory.ca/article.php?fragid=40&year=1384 
The other Bible version rendering living soul is the Darby literal 
translation, published in 1890. 
Genesis 1:24 
24 And God said, Let the earth bring forth living souls after their kind, cattle, 
and creeping thing, and beast of the earth, after their kind. And it was so. 
The one KJV exception is: 
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34
Numbers 31: 
28 And levy a tribute unto the LORD of the men of war which went out to 
battle: one soul of five hundred, both of the persons, and of the beeves, 
and of the asses, and of the sheep: 
According to Pember, the KJV translators had to use souls here because 
no other word could be substituted. Other translations follow suit, excepting 
the Geneva Bible, which renders “person” instead of “soul”, raising the 
interesting question of how Calvin relates “person” to animals. 
Pember next considers the popular belief that somewhere in Scripture we 
are taught that man alone will survive in spirit after the death of the material 
body, noting that if this is true, we are bound to believe it, no matter how 
our ideas of justice and benevolence conflict with it. There are but two 
passages which appear to support such an idea. 
Psalm 49 
20 Man that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts that 
perish. 
and 
Eccl 3 
21 Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the 
beast that goeth downward to the earth? 
Read it again, and NOTE THAT IT IS A QUESTION, NOT A STATEMENT 
OF FACT! Pember gets too inscrutable here for me to paraphrase, but I 
think the interrogative sense, of which this is but one of several of 
Solomonʼs rhetorical questions to which he had no answer, is clear. 
( There should be an errata in the section, to wit, that “Psalm xxii” is 
actually Psalm 49) 
“On the strength of these two passages we are called to believe that when 
a beast dies, it dies forever, and that its life is utterly extinguished as the 
flame of an expired lamp. Every one who has even the slightest 
acquaintance with the exposition of the Scriptures is aware that nothing is 
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35
more dangerous than attempting to explain any passage, however simple, 
without a reference to the original text. The translator may have mistaken 
the true sense of the words, or insufficiently expressed their meaning. In 
this case, the rendering is absolutely wrong. The original Hebrew for the 
“beasts who perish” is dumb beasts or beasts reduced to silence. In the 
Jewish Bible, which is acknowledged to be the best and closest translation, 
the word irrational is given as an alternate rendering of dumb. In the 
Septuagint and Douay version it is rendered senseless cattle.” 
Note that the primary definition of “dumb” is lacking the power of speech. 
Pember farther asserts that we can ascertain that the animal kingdom, like 
the human race, has fallen from a higher condition and are now lying under 
a ban. This can be inferred from: 
Genesis 3: 
14 And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, 
thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon 
thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: 
Every beast was cursed as a result of Adamʼs sin, the serpent being cursed 
above and beyond the rest of the animal kingdom. The serpent was once 
quite different than the creature we know today. For one thing, it evidently 
didnʼt live on its belly. 
Romans 8: 
19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation 
of the sons of God. 
20 For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason 
of him who hath subjected the same in hope, 
21 Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of 
corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. 
22 For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain 
together until now. 
The creature has fallen from its previous condition, against its will 
becoming slaves to corruption, decay, pain and death, and the creature will 
be restored to its former estate. Originally there were no carnivores. The 
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36
time approaches when there will again be be no carnivores. In the 
beginning the green herb was the sole food of beast and fowl. So will it be 
again. 
Eve expressed no surprise or suspicion that the serpent spoke. May we not 
fairly infer that animals possessed some power of speech? 
Numbers 3 
28 And the LORD opened the mouth of the ass, and she said unto Balaam, 
What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these three times 
Does not this favor the idea that the creature was originally endowed with 
speech? 
And then there is the ostrich: 
Job 39 
13 Gavest thou the goodly wings unto the peacocks? or wings and feathers 
unto the ostrich? 
14 Which leaveth her eggs in the earth, and warmeth them in dust, 
15 And forgetteth that the foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may 
break them. 
16 She is hardened against her young ones, as though they were not hers: 
her labour is in vain without fear; 
17 Because God hath deprived her of wisdom, neither hath he 
imparted to her understanding. 
18 What time she lifteth up herself on high, she scorneth the horse and his 
rider. 
The literal translation is, “God hath made her to forget wisdom ...”, 
signifying that she once had wisdom. 
These are but a few examples of the creatureʼs fall. The creature is 
innocent. It has not sinned, but the curse resulting from Adamʼs sin extends 
to all creation. 
The first six chapters of Genesis teach that God created six great tribes to 
inhabit earth, specifically the fish, the fowl, the cattle, the creeping thing, 
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37
the beast of the earth and man. The first five were placed under the 
dominion of man. 
Nevertheless, only three were brought to Adam to be named, the, cattle, 
beast and fowl. These appear to be distinguished from the two remaining, 
and their ultimate fate remains a mystery. 
When Adam and Eve were evicted from the garden, they looked back to 
see the Cherubim. 
The Cherubim are not angels. They are variously 
 translated as living creatures, beasts or living beings, They appear 
frequently in the Bible, but we are concerned here with their heads: man, 
lion, ox and eagle. We must remember that God Himself has classified the 
animal kingdom, and named the three honored tribes, beasts of the field, 
cattle and fowls of the air. 
Now, while manʼs head obviously indicates the human family, the lion is the 
king of the wild beasts, the ox is the chief of the domestic animals and the 
eagle the first of birds. It would seem, then, that the Cherubim are 
somehow connected with four of the great earth tribes which lost their first 
estate with Adamʼs sin. 
This idea is confirmed when we investigate the probable meaning of their 
name. The Hebrew means, “the many”, in literal English, and this implies 
that they are representative beings. 
Such an explanation is in accord with the present context; for if it be 
correct,the appearance of the Cherubim must have been both comfort and 
promise to Adam, for WITHIN the guarded circle stood the four living 
creatures; in their representative forms he could see a promise that God 
would yet redeem His banished ones, to restore man and beast to the 
privileges of the Tree of Life. 
Moving on to the time of Noah, we find another promise. 
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38
Genesis 9 
9 And I, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after 
you; 
10 And with every living creature that [is] with you, of the fowl, of the cattle, 
and of every beast of the earth with you, from all that go out of the ark, to 
every beast of the earth. 
11 And I will establish my covenant with you; neither shall all flesh be cut 
off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall there any more be a 
flood to destroy the earth. 
12 And God said, This [is] the token of the covenant which I make between 
me and you and every living creature that [is] with you, for perpetual 
generations. 
13 I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant 
between me and the earth. 
14 And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the 
bow shall be seen in the cloud: 
15 And I will remember my covenant, which [is] between me and you and 
every living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a 
flood to destroy all flesh. 
16 And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may 
remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature 
of all flesh that [is] upon the earth. 
17 And God said to Noah, This [is] the token of the covenant which I have 
established between me and all flesh that [is] upon the earth. 
The promise is made to beast as well as man. Farther, the rainbow is 
specified as the token of the covenant, and it accompanies the Cherubim in 
their subsequent appearances. 
The Cherubim appear in the Tabernacle and on the Mercy Seat of the Ark. 
Pember notes that ALL representations of the Ark that he is aware of 
portray the Cherubim wrongly as angels, the one exception being the plate 
in Parkhurstʼs Hebrew Lexicon. 
The throne room scene in Revelation 4 must have been the source of the 
patterns given to Moses. And, as the Cherubim represent the animal 
kingdom as well as man, the animal kingdom will be redeemed with man. 
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39
“If it be objected that our inference is too important, too subversive of 
ordinary theological teachings, we reply that in  the Old Testament the 
mysteries of redemption were ever veiled in symbolism; but that in the New 
the salvation of the creature is set before us in clear and unmistakable 
terms.” 
ROMANS 8 
19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation 
of the sons of God. 
20 For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason 
of him who hath subjected the same in hope, 
21 Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of 
corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. 
22 For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain 
together until now. 
23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the 
Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, 
to wit, the redemption of our body. 
With such direct prediction we can confidently accept in the most literal 
sense those passages -- Isaiah 11:6-9, Ezekiel 34: 25, 28, Hosea 2: 18 -- in 
which it is said that hereafter the wolf will lie down with the lamb, the lion 
eat straw like an ox, and the asp and cockatrice become the playmates of 
children. 
Likewise, we should not be surprised that the Old Testament is rife with 
instructions as to how animals, both domestic and wild, are to be treated. 
REVELATION 5 
13 And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under 
the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I 
saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth 
upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. 
So ends my condensation, paraphrasing and commentary on Pemberʼs 
Animals, Their Past and Future. I hope it has been of some help and 
comfort to know that animals have an eternal future with us. It is apparent 
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40
that that future will be in Christʼs Millennial Kingdom and subsequent new 
earth. But, are there animals in heaven itself? 
Note the preceding Revelation 5 quotation: every creature which is in 
heaven -- does this not state that there are animals in heaven also? It is 
my hope that all of my furry four footed and feathered two footed friends 
are there waiting for me. 
In any case, the animalsʼ future is sure and automatic. They are innocent, 
they have committed no sin, their present woe is due to Adamʼs sin. 

 

It is not so with us. We have eternal life ONLY if we choose to have it. We 
have eternal life by believing that Jesus Christ is who He says He is and 
has done what He says He has done, to wit, that He is God become man, 
conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under 
Pontius Pilate, was crucified dead and buried and descended into hell, that 
He arose from the dead on the third day and ascended into heaven where 
He sits on the right hand of God the Father and from whence He will come 
to rule and judge and to whom every knee will bend and every will tongue 
confess that He is King of Kings and Lord of Lords. 
He has paid for the sin of the world, past, present and future. Itʼs a done 
deal. No one ends up in hell because of what theyʼve done -- weʼre all 
guilty, weʼre all sinners; they end up in hell because of what they havenʼt 
done. 
Ephesians 2 
8 For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is 
the gift of God: 
9 Not of works, lest any man should boast. 
A GIFT must be received! How? By believing on Jesus Christ. By our 
telling Him we believe on Him and want Him to save us. 
God did not create hell for man; He created it for Satan and his angels. 
God is unwilling that any should perish; He takes no pleasure in any that 
perish. He has provided THE way, the ONLY way, to eternal life. But, if we 
refuse the gift, we leave Him no other choice: 
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41
HEBREWS 2 
3 How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation; which at the 
first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by them 
that heard him; 
4 God also bearing them witness, both with signs and wonders, and with 
divers miracles, and gifts of the Holy Ghost, according to his own will? 
My friend, if you do not KNOW you are saved, if you are counting on your 
good life, your good works, your church, your heritage or any of countless 
other deceptions to save you, please, I beg you, cry out from your heart 
right now: 
Lord Jesus Christ, I believe in you. Please save me! 
John 3 
14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the 
Son of man be lifted up: 
15 That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal 
life. 
16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that 
whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. 
17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that 
the world through him might be saved. 
18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is 
condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only 
begotten Son of God. 
19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men 
loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 
20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, 
lest his deeds should be reproved. 
THE END 
II CORINTHIANS 13 
14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the 
communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen. 
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