K.S. Rajan (12
March 2012)
"Cyberhackers are the
most sinister of troublemakers"
Nice story about the Anonymous/LutzSec latest events.
From friday's FT, FYI,
David
March 9, 2012 7:46 pm
Cyberhackers are the most sinister of troublemakers
Christopher Caldwell By Christopher Caldwell
There is at first sight a mystery about the six internet hackers
revealed to be facing criminal charges in related cases in New
York and Chicago on Tuesday. It is that one of the group’s
ringleaders, Hector Xavier Monsegur, should have turned state’s
evidence. Mr Monsegur pled guilty to several charges of hacking
and conspiracy last August. He has since closed the net around
his comrades. Intelligence agencies and prosecutors dream of
finding a “grass” near the boss. But actually having an
organisation rolled up by one of its key figures is rare.
What made Mr Monsegur turn? After all, he and his associates
were not just ideologically committed to a “free” internet –
they were the best in their shady business. Between them, those
indicted face allegations such as disrupting PayPal, MasterCard
and Visa last autumn to protest their refusal to process
donations to the secret-divulging website WikiLeaks. Government
servers were allegedly infiltrated: Tunisia, Algeria, Yemen and
Zimbabwe, the US Senate, and the Fine Gael party in Ireland.
Prosecutors imply they took particular delight in hacking
anti-hacking organisations: the FBI, the CIA website, the UK’s
Serious Organised Crime Agency, the Irish Garda and a number of
private security companies.
Many of the intrusions cited in the indictments were of media
outlets sceptical of hacking in general and WikiLeaks in
particular. Someone stole information about a Fox TV show,
filched personal codes from employees of the Public Broadcasting
System in the US, broke into Sony’s computers in Belgium, Russia
and the Netherlands, and hacked the Tribune Company. One
operation involved leaked passwords and emails from the online
foreign-policy newsletter Stratfor. (Defenders of this attack
who described Stratfor as a “shadow CIA” used the word “shadow”
the way conspiracy theorists do: as a portentous and
sinister-sounding synonym for “non-”.)
The groups Mr Monsegur belonged to and the broader movement of
hackers, known as Anonymous, cast themselves as either
good-humoured or idealistic pranksters. Until recently there was
sympathy for this view even among hackers’ most dogged
adversaries in law enforcement. One of the Americans arrested
this week had been sentenced to two years for a hacking offence
half a decade ago. One of the Soca hackers had been arrested
last year and released.
But there has been a sea change in attitudes towards hacking.
When the internet was a corner of the economy used by a few
relative sophisticates, it was easier to analogise hacking to
crimes such as breaking and entering or pickpocketing. But
increasingly, the internet is the economy. Although hackers aim
at institutions they find noxious, they inflict collateral
damage on a lot of poor schlubs minding their own business.
The charges unveiled this week include misuse of login
credentials, publication of other people’s mail and filching
hundreds of thousands of credit cards together with fraudulent
use. Mr Monsegur had four car engines sent to him and used
hacked credit cards to pay his own bills. Prosecutors in the
Anglo-Irish case allege a “deliberate campaign of online
destruction, intimidation, and criminality”. A favourite
practice is doxing – revealing a great deal of personal data
“with the object of, among other things, intimidating the victim
and subjecting the victim to harassment”.
To borrow the distinction Johan Huizinga drew in Homo Ludens,
hackers are not cheats but spoilsports, a far more dangerous
class of troublemaker. They don’t just threaten the outcome of a
particular game or convention. They threaten the existence of
the community that makes the game possible. Over time, hacking
has become a much more serious, society-threatening crime – less
like pickpocketing, say, than counterfeiting. All governments
are bound to come down on it like a tonne of bricks. That is
what flipped Mr Monsegur. Authorities were able to threaten him
with 124 years in prison.
Why did the US government permit the group around Mr Monsegur to
carry out several devastating hacks in the seven months since
they turned him? Perhaps it believes the group had the potential
to engage in even more destructive operations. Anonymous has
tried to feed this unease, posting on its Twitter feed: “LulzSec
was a group, but Anonymous is a movement. Groups come and go,
ideas remain.”
True, but there is an ironic role-reversal here. Hackers used to
be savvy futurists. They understood something about technology’s
impact on society that others did not. But now it is they who
have been passed by. Are hackers cyberterrorists or
cyber-activists? The public is increasingly inclined to say the
former. You have to be a bit stuck in 1998 to say the latter.
The writer is a senior editor at The Weekly Standard
Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2012.