Gino (8 Apr 2013)
"RE: Arlene: 04.05.13: what is the canon of scripture"


Arlene,
You had written:
"But who determined the "canon" anyway?"

I have also read what Michael Colunga wrote, on 04.06.13, and I totally agree that the LORD had the scriptures all determined from the beginning.
So, before addressing the canon, a little further down, I want to first show why I also agree with that.
For us, here on the earth, we have seen this played out in time, but the LORD knew the end from the beginning, as Michael Colunga knew:

The end from the beginning:
Isaiah 46:9 Remember the former things of old: for I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me,
 10 Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure:

The LORD declared it all from the beginning, including even the end from the beginning.
Why would that be surprising?
Jesus said of himself:

Revelation 22:13 I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.
 
Only the LORD can declare it all from the beginning, and he knows what his word is.
 
Isaiah 45:21 Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me. 
 
Canon of scripture:
As for the canon, the LORD determined the canon, because it is his word.
Whatever is not the word of God, is only the word of man, and the world goes after the words of man.
Unto whom were the scriptures committed.
 
Romans 3:1 ¶ What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision?
 2 Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God.
 
The catholic church has taught for centuries that Luke was a Gentile.
However, there are good arguments to show that he was a Jew (although that is not part of this discussion on the canon).
To the Jews were committed the scriptures.
They also learned which books were scripture, and which books were not.
They learned what was the canon of the old testament, sometimes the hard way.
They learned the hard way about the prophets, which they rejected.
Though, were shown to be true, when those things came upon Israel and Judah.
They learned that the 39 books of the old testament are scripture.
Although, they have some of those books a a single book, like Samuel, rather than as two.
They also have them in a different order.
The Jews did not conclude that Macabees, Jasher, or Enoch, as books of the canon of the scriptures.

The Jews, long ago, knew what was the canon of the old testament.
Then, also, the new testament helps with showing what is the old testament canon.
Jesus himself said:

Luke 16:16 The law and the prophets were until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it.

Luke 20:42 And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,

Luke 24:44 And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.

The law, the prophets, and the psalms, are the main divisions of the old testament.
Most every old testament book was quoted in the new testament.
And some like Deuteronomy and Isaiah, were quoted from many places, by the LORD Jesus, himself.
31 old testament books were either directly quoted or referenced in the new testament.
The 8 other books that were not directly quoted or referenced are:
Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Obadiah, Nahum, Zephaniah
However, these books were already known, by the Jews, to be in the canon of the scriptures, at the time of the new testament.

As for the new testament, it has always been clear that Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, and Acts are in the canon.
The very early church, also, clearly accepted the epistle of James, and the two epistles of Peter as canon.
Peter, then, established Paul's epistles to be in the canon:

II Peter 3:15 And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation; even as our beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto him hath written unto you;
 16 As also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction.
 
Thirteen of those epistles were clearly written by Paul.
The fourteenth, Hebrews, has been debated as to the author, but its canonicity was always clear.
The canonicity of Hebrews is self evident, when comparing it to the old testament and other new testament books.
John's first two epistles were early believed by the church to be in the canon.
Within three hundred years of the death of of Peter and Paul, the full canon was known and believed by the majority of the churches.
The oldest written list of the canonical books was from 367, written by Athanasius, and he even therein used the term canonized.
Athanasius is the one who had earlier defended scriptural doctrine against the heretic Arius at the council of Nicea.
Rome didn't "come up" with the canon, nor did Rome "force" the canon.
It was the local churches, themselves, that collectively came to realize what was the canon.

And that canon is the same canon that the LORD himself established from the beginning, and it will always be so:

Psalm 119:89 ¶ For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven.
 
Thank you,
Gino