First, the devil is the entity who gives his "power, and his throne, and great authority" to the beasts of Rev. 13.
 
Where is this "throne" located?  Daniel and Revelation refer to geographical locations a lot.  We know that two very prominent areas mentioned throughout the Bible are Israel and Babylon.  We know that God considers Israel as his land.  So does the area of the middle east, aka Babylon, make up the "throne" of Satan?
 
Rev 2:13 states that Pergamos is located even where Satan's seat is.  I believe that's in modern day Turkey, Islamic middle east Babylon territory.
 
Rev. 12:3 describes the devil's authority over a specific region of the world as a beast with 7 heads, 10 horns, & 7 crowns upon his heads.
 
Heads are kingdoms/Empires.
 
Horns are nations, kings, or individuals with authority, and more than one nation can make up a kingdom.
 
Crowns are thrones.  There is usually a sucession of people who wear the crown within the empire/kingdom; the crown passes along from person to person, but there is only one crown, or seat of justice and government.  That seat can move around, like Islam did from Bagdad to Syria to Istanbul.  As in the case of Medo-Persian, the crown may sit on the head of one king or another of the combined Empire; i.e Cyrus the Persian, Darius the Mede.
 
Which kingdoms are the 7 heads then?
 
This may be surprizing but I'm not going to include Egypt or Rome, because they never placed their thrones in this area.  This is the DEVILS area of authoriy, which is not the same as this or that beast which come from the sea (nations/peoples) or the earth.  His territory is special, and started in antiquity with Nimrod in and around the land of Shinar, and included the rebellion at Babel and the iniquity of Ninevah.  The Bible is careful to record the events and peoples from this area of the world, such as Nimrod, Sargon, Tiglath-Pileser, Sennacherib,  Neduchednezzar, so they must be pretty important.  This is the exact area that gave the world the various false deities (probably sourced in the demons roaming around in Gen 6) mentioned in the Bible and in the myths that spread from there; the handiwork of Satan.
 
This is the area of the world from the beginning that worshipped the moon god, amongst others, who is still worshipped by Islam.  This moon god's name changed with the changing of the kingdoms, but perservered nevertheless.  These empires were all imperialistic and most were ruthless and violent and all violated or ruled Israel at one time or another.
 
Mesopotamia (only Akkadia under Sargon became an empire)
Assyria
Babylon
Medo-Persia
Greece
Selucid
Islam
 
Each of these 7 kingdoms had empires at one point (Selucid being an offshoot of the Greecian Empire), and thus each one had a crown, one or a sucession of kings that ruled the empire.  7 crowns.
 
Out of these empires, there were 10 major identifyable nations or people groups that could make up the horns and some have combined, split up, and recombined or have been renamed at various times...(i.e. some southern Iraqi's are now trying to rename the southern portion of Iraq as "Sumer", the Babylonians claimed to have mixed with the Sumerians, the Akkaidians are closely connected to the Assyrians, etc.  The point is, these are the major nations that have mixed up and ruled continuously in this area from Babel to now.
 
They all worship idols.  Mesopotamia is the birthplace, or you could say "the mother" of false religions.  Or the location of the Mother of Harlots and abominations of the Earth.
 
If you care to research the origins of idol worship of every idol mentioned in the Bible, you will find they were spawned in the middle east.  It is the center of a religious system that has endured from the days of Nimrod and Babel.  God graciously confused the languages there in order that this system be not united, or else the whole world would have been in even worse condition.  Abram was called out from this area of the world so that the world would know God instead of idols.
 
Sumerians
Akkaidians
Babylonians
Hittites
Assyrians
Medes
Persians
Greeks/Selucids
Islamic Arabs
Islamic Turks
 
This area has always been under the authority of Satan, and his power there is reflected in the story in Daniel where the angel was delayed because he was fighting the Prince of Persia.  So, there must be considerable power there.  Satan's throne, authority, and power.
 
Keep in mind that these heads/horns/crowns belong to Satan and do not describe other earthly beast kingdoms, those are coming up. Also, because much of this is complex, ancient, and incomplete history, it might not be completely accurate, but I believe it's pointing in the right direction.
 
At some point in time, Satan was thrown out of heaven to the earth.   Jesus mentions this in Luke 10:18, "I beheld Satan as lightenting fall from heaven."  There are no wasted words in scripture, Jesus wanted us to note this.
 
Rev 12 gives us a timeline...
 
1.  Israel is to bring in Jesus
2.  Satan has caused a third of the angels to rebel.
3.  Jesus is born, crucified, and resurected.
4.  Israel is dispersed into the nations.
5.  Satan is expelled from heaven.
6.  Israel is again said to flee into the wilderness.
 
So, we can see at the very least, that Satan was expelled from heaven after Jesus was resurrected to heaven.   So when he does give his throne, authority and power to someone, it is at least sometime after 33 AD.